New Brunswick's Clean Air Act - Glossary

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Tails Tower. A tower like unit operation that treats most of the tail gas from the recovery units and scrubbers in the Chlor-Alkali process, which produces chlorine and caustic soda.

Teller Scrubber. A proven air pollution control device used to remove fine particulate matter emissions and in some cases total reduced sulphur emissions from the combustion process of black liquor solids in the recovery boiler found in the pulp and paper industry.

Temperature Probe. Typically found on the sampling probe of a particulate matter sampling train. The probe is used to monitor the temperature of the air waste stream inside a stack or vent. However, a temperature probe by itself would be a stainless steel tube that houses a thermocouple. The tube and thermocouple would be connected electrically to a digital analogue display unit to relay instantaneous temperature readings of the air waste stream inside the stack or vent. Also see Probe.

Tetrachloroethane (TCE). A colourless, corrosive, toxic liquid with a chloroform scent. It is soluble in alcohol and ether, and is slightly soluble in water. It is used as a solvent, metal cleaner, paint remover and weed killer.

Tetrahydrofuran. A clear, colourless easily burned liquid which smells like ether. It is used as a solvent for resins, in adhesives and printing inks.

Thallium . A white, malleable, metallic element used in alloys. Its' compounds are all extremely poisonous and are used in pesticides.

Thawing Ponds. Refers to the ponds of steam heated water that are used to soften the bark on logs prior to debarking and chipping. Also, called Hot Ponds.

Thermal Oil. The oil used as the heat transfer medium to release heat to such unit operations as presses and dry kilns. The oil is heated using a heat energy system such as a boiler burning fossil fuels. The oil is continuously circulated in a closed loop from the presses or dry kilns where it releases heat, and then to the heat energy system (boiler) where it receives heat.

Thermomechanical Pulp (TMP). A process specific to the Pulp and Paper Industry. In this process, the chips are softened by steam under pressure in a presteaming vessel, without chemicals, and then defibred in a disc refiner under pressure. The raw pulp is then further refined in a second stage refiner before passing on to screening and cleaning. The yield is somewhat lower than groundwood, but the strength and runability on the paper machine is much better. (Groundwood- mechanically prepared wood pulp produced by grinding the wood on large emery or sandstone wheels, then carrying the pulp by water through screens. This type of pulp is primarily used for newsprint.)

The Royal Gazette. A monthly government publication that lists all new Statutes and Regulations, as well as other public notices.

Tin Oxides. An inorganic tin emission that may be found in the finishing stage of the glass manufacturing process. A finely ground white powder that is used to promote ceramic glazes and colours, and specialty glasses. The use of tin oxide may result in the formation of organic tin (butyl tin) as it will readily react with carbon at high temperatures experienced in the glass manufacturing process. Also see Butyl Tin.

Tissue Mill. Is a paper mill that produces products such as tissue, toilet paper and paper towel.

T-jet Burners. Refers to specific types of burners that are used in fossil fuel combustion. These types of burners have been proven to reduce the amount of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides produced during the more efficient combustion reaction.

TMP Heat Recovery Unit. Is a unit operation that recovers heat from the thermomechanical pulping process.

Toluene (C₆H₅CH₃). A colourless, aromatic liquid derived from coal tar or from the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthas. It is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol and ether. It is used as a chemical intermediate, for explosives and in high-octane gasolines.

Topical Anaesthetics. A drug that is applied to the surface of the body (skin) to numb or encourage loss of feeling.

Top Up Equipment. Within section 16 of the Ozone Depleting Substances Regulation, means to bring an ozone depleting substance up to a certain level within a piece of equipment. In order to do this, a leak test of the equipment must be conducted first.

Total Arsenic (As). A parameter that is sometimes required to be analysed for in effluent discharges, and in some cases soil or sediment samples that may have originated from a specific industrial source location (ie. copper smelter). Arsenic (As) is a naturally occurring metallic like substance and naturally occurring chemical element, recovered from copper smelter dust and processed to a white powder.

Total Cadmium (Cd). A parameter that is sometimes required to be analysed for in effluent discharges, air samples of particulate matter, and in some cases soil or sediment samples that may have originated from a specific industrial source location. Cadmium (Cd) is a soft, rare silvery metal, highly resistant to corrosion, mined in association with zinc. It is widely used to galvanize metal parts, as a pigment in paints and plastics, in rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries, in electroplating, as catalyst and preservative in the plastic industry. The most important source of cadmium contaminants are from burning of fossil fuels (esp. coal), municipal and medical waste and sewage sludge. Cadmium also tends to stick to fly ash, dust, soil particles and sediments.

Total Lead (Pb). A parameter that is sometimes required to be analysed for in effluent discharges, air samples of particulate matter, and in some cases soil or sediment samples that may have originated from a specific industrial source location. Lead (Pb) is a naturally occurring metallic element used in many industries and may accumulate in biological systems. It is transported mainly through the atmosphere by the release of burning gasoline and solid wastes. From the atmosphere, it is deposited onto soils, plants and water. The metal itself is used in lead-acid batteries, and for roofing.

Total Non Methane Hydrocarbons (TNMHC). Is a parameter that is sometimes requested to be analysed for in an air waste stream that consists of contaminants that are produced from fossil fuel combustion. TNMHC consists of all the hydrocarbons except methane.

Total Process Gas Flow. The total gas flow exiting a process and is typically measured in cubic metres per minute (CFM).

Total Reduced Sulphur. A general term for sulphur gases emitted from Kraft Pulp Mill process excluding sulphur dioxide and trioxide. Generally, considered to include hydrogen sulphide, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide and methyl mercaptan. These gases are the principle cause of the classic Kraft Pulp Mill odour.

Total Residual Chlorine (TRC). A parameter that is sometimes requested to be analysed for in an air waste stream or effluent discharge. The required analysis depends on the industrial process. Total residual chlorine emissions may be experienced in the production of chlorine gas (Chlor-Alkali process), water treatment plants for disinfection purposes, boiler feedwater treatment.

Total Suspended Particulate (TSP). A parameter that is sometimes required to be determined in an air waste stream by performance testing activities, or requested to be determined at ground level from ambient air quality monitoring. Total suspended particulate is that portion of particulate matter that is suspended in the air (very fine) which are the most significant in terms of health impacts.

Total Suspended Solids (TSS). A measure of the suspended solids in waste water, effluent or water bodies, determined by tests for total suspended non-filterable solids. Also known as total suspended residue.

Total Zinc (Zn). Is a parameter that is sometimes required to be analysed for in effluent discharges, air samples of particulate matter, and in some cases soil or sediment samples that may have originated from a specific industrial source location. Zinc is a naturally occurring, bluish-white metallic element. It readily combines with other metals to form alloys, the most important of which is galvanized steel and brass. Exposure to zinc occurs mainly from food and less importantly from water. It is more of a hazard to aquatic organisms than to humans.

Tower. A vertical, cylindrical vessel used in chemical and petroleum processing to increase the degree of separation of liquid mixtures by distillation or extraction. Also known as a column.

Transfer Facility. A place used or intended to be used to transfer a petroleum product from a transport vehicle to a bulk plant, from a bulk plant to a transport vehicle or from one vehicle to another.

Transfer Ownership. Means to change over the possession or control of the facility and ancillary equipment in a manner that is deemed to be a legal transfer.

Trim Squirt. Refers to the high pressure spraying of water on lime mud in the lime mud washer to produce a uniform feed of lime mud to the dry kiln.

TRS. See Total Reduced Sulphur.

TRS Monitoring Stations. Refers to monitoring stations that have been located on or around an industrial facility (mostly Pulp Mills) to measure the level of total reduced sulphur (as hydrogen sulphide) impacting the monitoring location.

True Vapour Pressure. The pressure of a vapour in equilibrium with the liquid or solid which is related to a fixed point, in space.

Turbine/Generator Assemblies. Assemblies pertaining to a fluid acceleration machine for generating rotary mechanical power from the energy in a stream of fluid.

Two-Stage Liquefaction System. Refers to a two stage unit operation that changes a gas into a liquid.